鼓膜大穿孔耳内镜下鼓膜成形术的临床报告

目的探讨对鼓膜大穿孔病例应用耳内镜下单纯鼓膜成形术的疗效。方法选取2015年9月-2018年1月收治的鼓膜大穿孔患者43例(46耳),耳内镜下采取耳屏软骨-软骨膜进行鼓膜成形术,对鼓膜愈合及听力情况进行评价。结果 43耳鼓膜愈合,3耳未愈合,愈合率93.5%,听力改善患者满意,1例出现迟发性面瘫,药物治疗后恢复,其余均无并发症出现。结论耳内镜下应用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔操作相对简单,能抵近观察,手术成功率高,比显微镜下手术更具优势,利于年轻医师上手,值得临床推广。     

Morphine reverses the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in PC12 cells through activating PI3K/Akt

Aim of the study: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the dopamine (DA) deletion in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Morphine elevates the level of dopamine in the mesolimbic dopamine system and plays a role in alleviating PD symptoms. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanism on morphine alleviating PD symptoms.

Materials and methods: The viability of PC12 cells was measured by using MTT assay. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), CyclinD1 and Cyclin-dependent kinase5 (Cdk5) were detected by Western Blot.

Results: In present study, we found that morphine increased the cell viability in PC12 cells. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridi-nium (MPP+) reduced the cell viability and TH expression, which were reversed by morphine. MPP+ decreased the expressions of Trx-1, CyclinD1, Cdk5, which were restored by morphine. Moreover, the role of morphine in restoring the expressions of Trx-1, CyclinD1 and Cdk5 decreased by MPP+ was abolished by LY294002, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor.

Conclusions: These results suggest that morphine reverses effects induced by MPP þ through activating PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Role of Oxalobacter formigenes in preventing calcium oxalate kidney stones

Objective To screen Oxalobacter formigenes (OxF) from fresh feces of healthy adults, and study its effect on the the prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Methods OxF was screened and cultured from fresh feces of healthy adults. The rat model of calcium oxalate stone was established by esophageal gavage of 0.8% of ethylene glycol. Rats were divided into a control group and four groups of rats with ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate kidney stones according to random number table. Three groups were treated with 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 108 CFU viable OxF every day, respectively, for 4 weeks. The blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected to detect the serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum and urine calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and urine oxalate every week. At the end of the 4th week, the rats were sacrificed and the kidney tissues were stained with HE and Yasue. The deposition and content of calcium oxalate crystals were observed under a light microscope. Results The bacteria strain isolated from fresh feces of healthy adults was 100% as same as the known ATCC35274 bacteria strain, which means the strain screened is OxF. Among the 5 groups, there were no significant differences in body weight, Scr, BUN, serum calcium, blood magnesium, blood phosphorus, urinary magnesium and urinary phosphorus. The 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). After intervention with OxF solution, the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in the 108 CFU OxF group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference between the other intervention groups and the model. The oxalic acid excretion of 106 CFU OxF group and 107 CFU OxF group was lower than that of the model, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P＞0.05). The 24 h oxalic acid excretion in the 108 CFU OxF group was significantly lower than that of the model at the end of first week (P＜0.05), and continued to decrease for the next 3 weeks. After 4 weeks of intervention, no crystal formation was observed in the control group under the deflection microscope, but a large amount of calcium oxalate crystals were formed in the renal cortex and renal medulla. The crystals were piled up and connected to each other. Yasue staining coincided with the calcium oxalate crystal in the same part of the kidneys. Compared with the model, there was no significant change in the score of calcium oxalate crystal in the kidneys of 106 CFU OxF group and 107 CFU OxF group, while the score of calcium oxalate crystal in the kidneys of 108 CFU OxF group was significantly lower (P＜0.05). Conclusions OxF are successively screened from healthy adults. Daily administration of 108 CFU OxF can safely and effectively reduce the urinary oxalic acid excretion, prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and inhibit the formation of stones in kidneys of rats.     

Chronic Stress Remodels Synapses in an Amygdala Circuit–Specific Manner

Background

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of developing various neuropsychiatric illnesses. The behavioral sequelae of stress correlate with dendritic hypertrophy and glutamate-related synaptic remodeling at basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLA PNs). Yet, though BLA PNs are functionally heterogeneous with diverse corticolimbic targets, it remains unclear whether stress differentially impacts specific output circuits.

Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation

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临床医护人员电离辐射安全和防护知识知晓率调查

目的 了解临床医护人员对电离辐射安全和防护知识的知晓率。方法 采用横断面调查方法，以270例护理人员为调查对象发放自行设计的问卷进行调查。问卷内容包括调查对象社会人口学特征，以及放射物理学和生物学、放射使用原则、辐射防护、电离辐射安全使用指南等三大类放射性知识。采用描述性流行病学方法对问卷调查结果进行分析。结果 共发放调查问卷270份，回收有效问卷252份，有效应答率为93.33%。252例调查对象以女性为主（占99.21%），年龄以25～< 55岁为主（占80.16%），工作年限以≥ 20年为主（占31.35%），受教育程度以本科为主（占66.67%），75.00%曾接受过医学辐射知识培训和教育。调查对象对 “知晓怀孕的放射工作者相关要求”、“在日常工作中尽力普及有关放射性剂量和应用的相关安全知识”、“能意识到在日常工作中做到辐射安全防护”、“知晓辐射安全文化的重要性”、“在辐射控制区工作时能注意到警示标志”、“知晓有关辐射安全警示标志的含义”、“知晓如何报告放射性使用中的异常事件”、“知晓如何合理使用个人辐射防护用品”、“知晓辐射防护的剂量限值原则”、“知晓电离辐射如何产生”、“知晓医用辐射的有害作用是如何产生的”和“知晓记录全部有关辐射应用的必要知识”等问题知晓率均 > 90%，但对“知晓造成成人和青少年患者放射性检查差异的原因”、“知晓辐射防护中平方反比定律的含义”等辐射防护知识知晓率较低。结论 临床医护人员对电离辐射安全和防护知识总体掌握仍较欠缺，需加强电离辐射安全和防护知识培训、提升辐射防护技能。